Executive Order Targets Sidewalks, Not Exhibits:: Since the Smithsonian operates independently of the executive branch, Trump cannot directly alter museum exhibits. Instead, the order leverages National Park Service jurisdiction over sidewalks and walkways outside the museum to install temporary signage.
Why This Matters:: This move represents a novel approach by the executive branch to influence a federally funded but independently governed institution. The Smithsonian receives roughly two-thirds of its approximately **$1 billion annual budget** through federal appropriations, giving the White House leverage despite its lack of direct control.
Historical Context:: Trump first signed an executive order targeting the Smithsonian in March 2025, calling for the elimination of "improper, divisive or anti-American ideology." This latest action escalates the administration's campaign against the institution's leadership and exhibits.
Museum Leadership Responds:: Director Anthea M. Hartig defended the museum during congressional testimony, stating the White House report "does not fairly or accurately characterize the full body of work at the museum." Smithsonian Secretary Lonnie Bunch echoed this, emphasizing the institution's commitment to "scholarship, nonpartisanship, independence, accuracy, and integrity."
The conflict between the Trump administration and the Smithsonian Institution has been building for over a year. The core disagreement centers on how American history should be presented to the public.
The White House's July 4 report specifically criticized the "Entertainment Nation" exhibit at the National Museum of American History, arguing that displays about American pop culture framed the nation's history through an ideological lens rather than celebrating its achievements. White House official Lindsey Halligan stated that "American taxpayers should not be funding institutions that undermine our country or promote one-sided, divisive political narratives."
In his latest executive order, Trump wrote that "Smithsonian leadership does not present American history as a shared national inheritance to be taught and celebrated, but instead views American history as a 'prime tool' to advance ideas of social justice and the radical transformation of our society."
The Smithsonian is overseen by a Board of Regents that includes Vice President JD Vance, Chief Justice John Roberts, members of Congress, and citizen regents. Despite this governance structure, the administration has limited direct authority over content decisions.
Dr. Anthea Hartig, director of the National Museum of American History, told lawmakers: "As we continue to fact check the report, we unwaveringly attest that it does not fairly or accurately characterize the full body of work at the museum. There is always room for improvement. But I also know the beauty and the inspiration and the expertise that lies in our collections, our exhibits, and our programming."
Since Trump cannot directly remove museum leadership or unilaterally change exhibits, the order directs:
Interior Secretary Doug Burgum: to work with the National Park Service to install temporary signage along NPS-maintained sidewalks
Signage to inform visitors of the July 4 report and direct them to "locations and resources for accurate information regarding America's history"
OMB Director Russell Vought and GSA administrator to "use all available authorities" to promote the order's policies
Visitors to Washington, D.C.:: The National Museum of American History is one of the most visited museums in the nation's capital. Visitors will now encounter signage presenting an alternate viewpoint before entering.
Taxpayers:: With federal funding making up the majority of the Smithsonian's budget, the debate raises questions about government influence over federally funded cultural institutions.
Historians and Educators:: The controversy highlights broader national debates about how American history should be taught and presented in public spaces.
Can the president directly change Smithsonian exhibits?
No. The Smithsonian operates independently of the executive branch and is overseen by a Board of Regents. Trump's order targets National Park Service property outside the museum rather than the exhibits themselves.
Why did the White House issue a report on the Smithsonian?
The July 4 report from the Domestic Policy Council accused the Smithsonian of presenting "one-sided, divisive political narratives" and failing to present history in a way that is "inspiring, unifying, and worthy of our great republic."
How much federal funding does the Smithsonian receive?
The Smithsonian receives roughly two-thirds of its approximately $1 billion annual budget through federal appropriations.
How has the Smithsonian responded to these criticisms?
Both the Smithsonian Secretary and the National Museum of American History director have defended the institution, stating the White House report does not accurately characterize their work and reaffirming their commitment to scholarship, accuracy, and nonpartisanship.
What to Expect as a Visitor:: If you plan to visit the National Museum of American History in Washington, D.C., you may encounter signage outside the building referencing the White House report and directing you to alternative resources for American history.
Understanding Both Sides:: The debate reflects a broader national conversation about how history should be presented. The White House argues for a celebratory, unifying narrative, while the Smithsonian defends its commitment to presenting the "fullness of America's story" through rigorous scholarship.
Broader Implications:: This case could set a precedent for how the executive branch interacts with federally funded cultural institutions. The balance between government oversight and institutional independence remains a key question.
Stay Informed:: Follow developments from both the White House and the Smithsonian's Board of Regents to understand how this dispute evolves and what it means for public historical institutions nationwide.
The Smithsonian debate raises important questions about how American history should be presented to the public. Do you think federally funded museums should reflect the administration's vision of a "unifying" narrative, or should they maintain independence in their scholarship and exhibits? Share this article with others who care about the future of American historical institutions!
*Do you think this trend of executive influence over cultural institutions will continue? Let us know your thoughts below!*
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